;;; Copyright 2023, Jaidyn Ann <jadedctrl@posteo.at>
;;;
;;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License
;;; as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
;;; the License, or (at your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;;; GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
;;; along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(defpackage #:kaptchapelo
  (:use #:cl)
  (:export :start-server))

(in-package #:kaptchapelo)

(defun random-string ()
  "Create a random string consisting of at least 19 characters: Random numbers."
  (apply #'str:concat
         (mapcar (lambda (a) (format nil "~A" a))
                 (loop for i from 0 upto 19  collect (random 16)))))

(defun byte-array-to-hex-string (simple-array)
  "Given an array of bytes (integers), return an equivalent string in hex."
  (string-downcase
   (reduce #'str:concat
           (loop for byte across simple-array
                 collect (format nil "~2,'0X" byte)))))


(defun random-file (directory &key (file-ext ""))
  "Select a random file from the given DIRECTORY of a specific FILE-EXTension."
  (alexandria:random-elt
   (directory (str:concat (format nil "~A" directory)
                          "/*"
                          (if (not (str:emptyp file-ext))
                              (str:concat "." file-ext)
                              "")))))


(defun new-captcha-json (captcha-image-uri captcha-text-file)
  "Create a Kocaptcha-compatibile captcha challenge in JSON-format."
  (yason:with-output-to-string* ()
    (yason:encode-plist
     (list "md5" (byte-array-to-hex-string captcha-text-file)
           "url" captcha-image-uri
           ;; I don’t know what Kocaptcha’s token does! :P
           "token" (random-string)))))


(defun new-captcha-response (captcha-dir)
  "Create a Clack HTTP response with a new captcha."
  (let* ((captcha-txt-file (random-file captcha-dir :file-ext "txt"))
         (captcha-img-file (str:concat (pathname-name captcha-txt-file) ".png"))
         (captcha-md5-str (byte-array-to-hex-string
                           (md5:md5sum-file captcha-txt-file))))
    (list 201 '(:content-type "application/json")
          (list (new-captcha-json (str:concat "/captcha/" captcha-img-file)
                                  captcha-md5-str)))))


(defun image-response (request-uri captcha-dir)
  "Given a /captcha/… REQUEST-URI and the CAPTCHA-DIR where images can be found,
make a Clack HTTP response that serves the appropriate image."
  (let ((image-path (str:replace-first "/captcha/" (format nil "~A" captcha-dir) request-uri)))
    (list 201 '(:content-type "image/png")
          (pathname image-path))))


(defun index-response ()
  "Return a friendly “salutations” Clack-response for those visting the root-page."
  '(201 (:content-type "text/plain")
    ("You’ve installed Kaptĉapelo; good work! If you’d like a captcha challenge, visit /new !")))


(defun 404-response ()
  "Create a 404-comlpaining HTTP Clack-response."
  '(404 (:content-type "text/plain") ("No such page.")))


(defun server (env captcha-dir)
  "The heart of the server; returns requests for Clack."
  (let* ((uri (quri:uri (getf env :request-uri)))
         (uri-path (quri:uri-path uri)))
    (format *error-output* "~A" uri-path)
    (cond
      ;; Create a new captcha at /new
      ((string= uri-path "/new")
       (new-captcha-response captcha-dir))
      ;; For lost souls visiting /[index.html], say “hi.”
      ((or (string= uri-path "/")
           (string= uri-path "/index.html"))
       (index-response))
      ;; At /captcha/*.png, server the given image.
      ((and (str:starts-with? "/captcha/" uri-path)
            (str:ends-with? ".png" uri-path))
       (image-response uri-path captcha-dir))
      ;; Otherwise… IDK, 404! ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
      ('t
       (404-response)))))


(defun start-server (&key (address "0.0.0.0") (port 5001) (background 't)
                       (captcha-directory #p"captcha/"))
  "Start the Kaptchapelo server, which takes captcha challenges from the given
CAPTCHA-DIRECTORY. Challenges are made up of two files:
  * A challenge PNG file (ex. bird.png)
  * An answer TXT file (ex. bird.txt)
Note that the The answer text-file should not contain a trailing newline."
  (clack:clackup
   (lambda (env)
     (funcall #'server env captcha-directory))
   :address address
   :port port
   :use-thread background))